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The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity

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Review

"An evocative, powerful, and troubling book about a little-known war that speaks to all wars." —The New Republic"Brilliant. . . . Lepore's grasp of the complexities and varieties of the human beings in her drama matches that of a fine novelist. . . . This is history as it should be written."  —The Boston Globe"Fascinating . . . rich in imagination, in moral ruminations about the meaning and justice of war."  —The New York Review of Books“Jill Lepore has written a brilliant study of the different ways Americans have understood and told stories about one of the great conflicts of their colonial past: King Philip’s War. Writing with great grace and clarity, she offers fascinating new insights into the different ways that Indians and colonists made sense of their cultural differences.” —William Cronon, author of Changes in the Land“The Name of War adds wonderfully rich new dimensions to the history of white-Indian relations in the United States: sharp focus, a rich sense of context, anticipations of an comparisons with subsequent American wars. This is a profound and rewarding book that illuminates the social psychology of war in the American experience.” —Michael Kammen, author of Mystic Chords of Memory“Jill Lepore shows how language shaped as well as reflected the horror we know as ‘King Philip's War.’ Finding Algonquin voices within, behind, and beside the classic English narratives, she forces new engagement with the evasions, celebrations, and violence of New England history.” —Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, author of A Midwife's Tale

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Winner of the the 1998 Ralph Waldo Emerson Award of the Phi Beta Kappa Society King Philip's War, the excruciating racial war--colonists against Indians--that erupted in New England in 1675, was, in proportion to population, the bloodiest in American history. Some even argued that the massacres and outrages on both sides were too horrific to "deserve the name of a war." It all began when Philip (called Metacom by his own people), the leader of the Wampanoag Indians, led attacks against English towns in the colony of Plymouth. The war spread quickly, pitting a loose confederation of southeastern Algonquians against a coalition of English colonists. While it raged, colonial armies pursued enemy Indians through the swamps and woods of New England, and Indians attacked English farms and towns from Narragansett Bay to the Connecticut River Valley. Both sides, in fact, had pursued the war seemingly without restraint, killing women and children, torturing captives, and mutilating the dead. The fighting ended after Philip was shot, quartered, and beheaded in August 1676. The war's brutality compelled the colonists to defend themselves against accusations that they had become savages. But Jill Lepore makes clear that it was after the war--and because of it--that the boundaries between cultures, hitherto blurred, turned into rigid ones. King Philip's War became one of the most written-about wars in our history, and Lepore argues that the words strengthened and hardened feelings that, in turn, strengthened and hardened the enmity between Indians and Anglos. She shows how, as late as the nineteenth century, memories of the war were instrumental in justifying Indian removals--and how inour own century that same war has inspired Indian attempts to preserve "Indianness" as fiercely as the early settlers once struggled to preserve their Englishness. Telling the story of what may have been the bitterest of American conflicts, and its reverberations over the centuries, Lepore has enabled us to see how the ways in which we remember past events are as important in their effect on our history as were the events themselves. "From the Hardcover edition.

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Product details

Paperback: 368 pages

Publisher: Vintage (April 27, 1999)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0375702628

ISBN-13: 978-0375702624

Product Dimensions:

5.2 x 0.8 x 8 inches

Shipping Weight: 12 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

3.9 out of 5 stars

65 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#61,535 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

In "The Name of War: King Philip’s War and the Origins of American Identity", Jill Lepore argues, “Wounds and words – the injuries and their interpretation – cannot be separated, that acts of war generate acts of narration, and that both types of acts are often joined in a common purpose: defining the geographical, political, cultural, and sometimes racial and national boundaries between peoples” (pg. x). She continues, “King Philip’s War was not, as some historians have suggested, the foundational American frontier experience or even the archetypal Indian war. Wars like it had been fought before, and every war brings its own stories, its own miseries. Yet there remains something about King Philip’s War that hints of allegory. In a sense, King Philip’s War never ended. In other times, in other places, its painful wounds would be reopened, its vicious words spoken again” (pg. xiii). Finally, “out of the chaos of war, English colonists constructed a language that proclaimed themselves to be neither cruel colonizers like the Spaniards nor savage natives like the Indians” (pg. xiv). In this way, identity plays a key role in Lepore’s study.Lepore writes, “Perhaps, the English New Englanders worried, they themselves were becoming Indianized, contaminated by the influence of America’s wilderness and its wild people. Meanwhile, many Algonquians had come to suspect the reverse, worrying that they themselves had become too much like their new European neighbors” (pg. 7). While Indians may have waged war to preserve their identity, the conflict also left those natives who could write among the first casualties. Lepore writes, “War is a contest of words as much as it is a contest of wounds. This connection, between waging war and writing about it, was not lost on New England’s colonists” (pg. 47). Further discussing identity, Lepore writes, “During the war it seemed to many colonists that all that had made them English and all that had made the land their own – their clothes, houses, barns, churches, cattle, and crops – were being threatened. For most colonists, the loss of habitations became the central crisis of the war” (pg. 77). She continues, “In the context of King Philip’s War, concerns about the boundaries of the body became overlaid onto concerns not only about the boundaries of English property but also about the cultural boundaries separating English from Indian” (pg. 82).Lepore continues, “In every measurable way King Philip’s War was a harsher conflict than any Indian-English conflict that preceded it. It took place on a grander scale; it lasted longer; the methods both sides employed were more severe; and the language the English adopted to justify and document it was more dismissive of Indian culture – Indian religious beliefs; Indian warfare; Indian’s use of the land; and, ultimately, Indian sovereignty – than it had ever been before. In some important way King Philip’s War was a defining moment, when any lingering, though slight, possibility for Algonquian political and cultural autonomy was lost and when the English moved one giant step closer to the worldview that would create, a century and a half later, the Indian removal policy adopted by Andrew Jackson” (pg. 166-167). Further examining the legacy, Lepore writes, “For Cotton Mather, as for his father, King Philip’s War was a holy war, a war against barbarism, and a war that never really ended” (pg. 175). Lepore concludes, “No matter how much the colonists wrote about the war, no matter how much or how eloquently they justified their cause and conduct or vilified Philip, New England’s colonists could never succeed at reconstructing themselves as ‘true Englishmen.’ The danger of degenerating into Indians continued to haunt them” (pg. 175). Later, “clothed in revolutionary rhetoric, the memory of King Philip’s War was invoked to urge the colonists to free themselves from the ‘captivity’ they now suffered under British tyranny” (pg. 188).

I had to read this book for one of my history classes, and it honestly might have been my favorite aspect of the entire class. Jill Lepore has crafted a riveting fact based narrative that contemplates the nature of violence and domination in a clear eyed, unbiased light that simply presents the information, and allows you to come to your own conclusion, and it's executed brilliantly.

This book was recommended by Rita Nakashima Brock, who promised it would reveal some of the underpinnings of our country's war like nature. She runs the Soul Repair organization. It treats veterans who have done things in war that makes them guilty. In a gentle manne she offers programing that eases the pain of moral injury.

This book was recommended to me by a professor. It was not required for my class on colonial America because it was considered to be too "dense" for those just passing by for a few humanities credits while they pursue engineering degrees. However, it was recommended to me for two reasons, first: it is an excellent book on how King Philip's War started. More specifically why war was the solution facing the complex society that made up the "New World", and how Colonists used that war in their own national creation myth. Also, this book is exceptionally well written! My professor was passionate about writing and taught his students to be good writers not just good researchers.About the book itself....This is not a chronological history of the war, it merely uses the war as a setting for its larger intent. From the Mayflower to the inauguration of George Washington the history of the birth of America involves almost constant warfare. The imperial anvil hit hard in the forging of America. This book is for someone who wants to look at that process as a whole, not just the singular events of a few battles.

GREAT

Although this book is very interesting ..... it can be difficult to read at times since the author sometimes quotes writings from centuries ago with old spellings. Otherwise it is an excellent book on Metacom's or King Phillip's War.

Got them as promised

An incredible interpretation of American history that examines the conflict between the New England settlers and the natives with the resultant changes of identity of each.

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